All Saints Margaret Street.

Sermon preached by Fr Michael Bowie

At this point in their gospels both St Matthew and St Mark tell us that Jesus taught only in parables (the statement is among the few verses omitted from today’s passage –

Jesus told the crowds all these things in parables; without a parable he told them nothing.
This was to fulfil what had been spoken through the prophet:

‘I will open my mouth to speak in parables; I will proclaim what has been hidden from the foundation of the world.’                           Matthew 13:34f )

We might say that Jesus’ life, death and resurrection is the supreme enacted parable of God incarnate. Parables, both spoken and acted, have a long genealogy in Judaism. They are the common teaching method of many of the prophets. It is in this tradition and succession that Jesus speaks.

But the insistence that he taught only in parables is worth unpacking. This must tell us something about the message, the gospel itself, possibly something which may have been obfuscated by attempts to make a systematic theology out of Christianity. 

Systematic theology has often been constructed on the basis of what are, after all, a series of occasional letters from St Paul rather than from our Lord’s more teasing and suggestive discourses. And any systematizing methodology applied to our faith, however seductively appealing it may feel, should be treated with generous suspicion. Because neither the gospels nor the epistles (any more than any other books of the bible) were written systematically, and the Church, which is logically prior to scripture, is a living organism, a body, not a rational construct.

Parables are a supremely non-systematic way of teaching; the explanations which we sometimes get in the gospels (additions by the gospel writers or other bearers of the tradition) achieve dogged clarity at the expense of subtlety. The lapidary and unmediated statements we heard this morning are truly characteristic parables. ‘The kingdom of heaven’ or ‘the kingdom of God’ is ‘like this’.

Even the concept of the Kingdom, an alternative power-structure and values system to that of the world, can seem elusive. You’ve all been hearing these parables for many years; you can continue to think about that for yourselves. This morning I want to suggest just two things that Jesus’ method of teaching implies for us.

One follows from the fact that his teaching is inherently and significantly unsystematic. That will appeal to some of us and not to others. But it is the fact. You can make statements about the kingdom, as Jesus does. You can see whether they are consistent with each other (and I think it fair to say that those we have are not mutually inconsistent). From that you can construct an overarching tendency of the Christian faith. Such a tendency is a good measure of our response to the situations of life (indeed our Lord himself tells us that the law of love overarches all particular prescriptions). But as soon as you try to bind that tendency into a rigid system of immutable truths it will break out around the edges. We see this again and again in our history. In today’s parables, for example, we see it cutting across our neatly defined categories of grace and works. One person stumbles upon a treasure in sheer serendipity; another seeks and seeks until he finds. Both receive treasure, sought or unsought, equally precious for both. The Kingdom of heaven is ‘like that’.

The second thing to notice is that the Kingdom is inherently inclusive. It is maddeningly inclusive. The Kingdom is a control-freak’s special hell. Sadly, of course, control-freakery and the institutional Church are rarely strangers. But the sacraments, and especially Baptism and the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar, are not instruments of control or boundary markers, even though they have too often been put to that use. The sacraments are offered to us as gifts, gifts made using the simplest matter; they are communications made in media that all people can receive.

In the Church of England at baptisms we often hear the story of Jesus welcoming little children when his friends tried to keep them away [Mark 10.13–16]. This is a reminder that the only entry requirements to the church are, we might say, incarnational. The Kingdom is ‘like that’. We know this above all because God chose to be made flesh, as the primary enacted parable of the gospel, as indeed the parable of salvation. The manner of God’s dealing with us in Christ is reflected in the being of the Church.

So, looking at today’s string of parabolic pearls we could conclude as follows:

The kingdom is in process; we are all gathered in and held together as in today’s parable of the dragnet (and as in last week’s parable of the weeds in the wheat), and it is not for any one of us to set boundaries that will exclude others from God.

The kingdom is of supreme value, ‘costing not less than everything’, but any and all can find it: the only question is, will we make the offering of ourselves, our souls and bodies, to be a holy and living sacrifice, in response. That is our part in the transaction which gets us from price to value.

And, we are all potentially fruitful ground for the kingdom in which the seed may be sown and the tree of faith may grow and even support others, if only we will attend, respond and persevere.

The parables show why liturgy (and liturgical theology) is of primary importance in Christianity: here we have our most reliable enacted parables (and sacraments are more, they are efficacious parables; they produce effects in us; we are changed by them, organically, in our relations with God and each other). The liturgy is the primary encounter of the people of God with God, and God with us, all of us, all who respond to the invitation. What we do here is of supreme importance (I am talking about content rather than style – that’s another sermon). Properly approached, this encounter will get us nearer to God than anything else we can do.

So to what shall we compare the kingdom of God? The kingdom of God is like someone who, on an unusually hot London summer’s day, put a bottle of champagne in the freezer to cool it quickly. And going out to the shops he was distracted and came home late to find the champagne had burst out of the bottle. And the ice was delicious.